Ahava Rabboh or

Freygish

 
The Main Klezmer Modes
by Joshua Horowitz
   
start: 14 june 2006, up-date: 14 june 2006
 
 
Ahava Rabboh, or Freygish (called Ahava Rabboh in Yiddish Cantorial terminology and Freygish in Yiddish, from Phrygisch in German church mode terminology. Beregovsky suggested the term "Altered Phryian" due to the replacement of the raised 3rd degree for the lowered third). The Hebrew form, Ahava Rabbah, means "Abounding Love" and refers to the text of the prayer from the Shabbat Shacharit service:
 
Ahava rabah ahavtanu...
'With abounding love hast thou loved us...'
Because of the text, it is referred to as the mode of supplication. Ahava Rabboh is often compared with the Hijaz makam of Middle Eastern music. It is frequently, but not exclusively found in Hassidic Klezmer pieces. Idelsohn points out the absence of the augmented 2nd in the biblical prayer modes and doubts, therefore, that the Ahava Rabboh mode is of Jewish origin. Because the communities that were living in areas which were predominantly Tartaric-Altaic showed use of this mode, Idelsohn concludes that the mode is Tartaric. He speculates that, with the expansion of the Tartars in Southern Russia into Hungary beginning with the 13th Century, the Jews found favor with the mode and eventually adopted it into the Shabbat morning ritual. He mentions that it was the same mode with which Olympus incited strong opposition when he introduced it into Greece around 800 B.C.E. on the Aulos, and points out that Ahava Rabboh was not used in the beginning period of the creation of Piyyutim from 800-1000 C.E. The Jewish composer Lazare Saminsky (1882-1959) harshly criticized the mode.